Letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 11

Thoreau Essay Research Paper Born in 1817 free essay sample

Thoreau Essay, Research Paper Conceived in 1817, in Concord, Henry David Thoreau got one of the best creators among the American Renaissance. Thoreau based his entire principle on the way that grown-up male expected to gain free of material things so as to be an single. A finely taught grown-up male, Thoreau went to Harvard, which put substantial complement on the works of art. Thoreau contemplated a course of study that included language structure and creating, arithmetic, English, history, and arranged tenets. He other than talked easily in Italian, Gallic, German, and Spanish. After his graduation in 1837, Thoreau turned into an educator. He and his sibling John, by and by, shut the school in 1841, for Thoreau knew creating was his obsession. He kept a journal starting in 1837, and most think he composed way before that cut. Thoreau s love for creating pushed him to do it a main impetus in his life. Thoreau was other than an enormous part of the Transcendentalist s Movement. We will compose a custom paper test on Thoreau Essay Research Paper Born in 1817 or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The Visionaries accepted that the mind and nature were the two fundamental portions of the presence. # 8220 ; Transcendentalism began as a fanatic profound movement, contradicted to the positivist, moderate foundation that Unitarianism had become. # 8221 ; Unitarians had communicated the interest for and solid conviction of a progressively close to home and natural experience of the Godhead. # 8220 ; If a grown-up male does non keep up step with his friend, conceivably it is on the grounds that he hears an alternate drummer. # 8221 ; Individuality was a huge bit of Thoreau s life ; he accepted that autonomous, very much idea activity emerged obviously from a amusing head. Albeit numerous individuals visited him at Walden Pond, Thoreau liked to be totally. # 8220 ; I neer found the friend that was so accommodating as solitude.† Thoreau enjoyed purdah, a clasp when he composed from his mind and was truly totally. Thoreau s love for nature was one of the most remarkable features evident in Walden. Considered by some to be the male parent of the ecological movement, Thoreau alluded back to nature in all things he composed from expositions to political addresss. As a basic grown-up male, Thoreau did non have numerous material things. For he accepted that to have material items were a hindrance, rather than a bit of leeway. He maxim that a great many people estimated self-esteem in footings of what they claimed, than their strict and objective endowments. Thoreau proposed to populate as simply as could reasonably be expected and find what he required for fundamental human perseverance. # 8220 ; My most noteworthy achievement is to want close to nothing. # 8221 ; He developed his ain supplement, cleaned his ain lodge, and much of the time masterminded his own businesss so he needed to work each piece little as conceivable. Distributed on August 9, 1854, Walden sold two 1000 transcripts. For one dollar, individuals read into the deepnesss of Thoreau s life at Walden Pond what not his situations on everything from the abolitionist servitude movement to his ecological musings. Walden sold sensibly great during Thoreau s life-time, however his most noteworthy regards came after death. Through the perusing of Walden, numerous individuals have found the magic of Henry David Thoreau s pen. Only a grown-up male from Concord, Massachusetts, he lived an uncommon life as a straightforward grown-up male. That, by the by, was all Thoreau ever needed to help through, to demo individuals that an individual could be a man, unrecorded straightforward, and manage without stuff things. With the distribution of Walden, Thoreau indicated the universe that it was so conceivable ; he had lived # 8220 ; to the round of his ain drummer. # 8221 ;

37 Ways to Be Happier at Work ASAP

37 Ways to Be Happier at Work ASAP Ever tried fighting that boredom which comes upon you while at work but not succeeded?You have been doing the same work for a long time and it has become boring. If that’s not the case, maybe your day just started badly. Did you wake up late and had to skip breakfast to avoid getting to work late? Do you have some pending work stressing you out?At times though, you start the day well. Your cereal breakfast, timely arrival at work, an in-tray almost emptyeverything is working just perfect.Until you get into a disagreement with your boss or that difficult colleague. Maybe a presentation doesn’t go well and you get some negative feedback. Probably you got some extra work in the afternoon.Life is very unpredictable and becoming miserable is easy enough. But that does not have to be your lot. Like an expert swimmer, you can go against the grain of life.If your happy days at work are no more, then here is some good news for you. You can have them back. In full measure, according to you r liking.WAYS OF BECOMING HAPPIER AT WORKBelow are 37 proven and tested ways to make you happier while at work. You don’t need to wait till Christmas to be happy. Or till you get that promotion you have been eyeing. The key to your happiness is in your hands. Will you use it? Here are ways of doing so.To avoid getting overwhelmed, it is best to bookmark this page and keep it as a reference. Give it an easy-to-remember name and anytime you feel bored, pull it and re-energize yourself. Say goodbye to those boring work days and increase your happiness and productivity.1. Watch a funny videoNothing can make you happier than enjoying some humor. Are you a fan of cartoons or plain old comedy? Then you know where to turn for that quick dose of humor. If you are not a fan of these, then take this as an invitation.Some classics include Tom Jerry, The Simpsons, South Park and Dexter’s Laboratory. You can check out some more here.2. Look at older photos of yourselfHow much of the good old days do you remember? Whatever your age, you have had some wonderful times in the past. Most of these are recorded in picture form and this is the time to take a peek at them.A research showed that looking at old facebook photos can improve your mood. As you remember the fun times, the memories will bring you joy and you will become happier.3. Drink some milkMilk is one of the best ‘complete’ foods. It contains proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins and essential nutrients like calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and many others. Whenever work starts being boring and stressful, reach for a glass of milk and enjoy its benefits.Milk is a popular mood booster that quickly gets you feeling happier than you were before taking it. It contains the protein lactium which lowers blood pressure and reduces cortisol levels in the blood.Low cortisol levels in the blood results in reduced stress so your work pressure gets dealt with. Milk is also a great source of energy.So it works by reducing your s tress levels then energizing you.4. Be gratefulThere are very many reasons why you should be grateful. Do you have too much work? Someone else graduated and has been searching for a job for more than five years, with no success.Are you earning less than you wanted? Someone else is hoping to just get dinner after days of hunger.Are you down with a flu? Someone else is in a coma.Many others are suffering from heart disease and cancer, the biggest causes of death among Americans. Be grateful for what you have.5. Listen to musicMusic is therapeutic. Whatever genre you prefer, listening to music will uplift your moods. Music has for centuries been used to celebrate occasions and signify happy times.Achievements are also celebrated with music and dance. Music literally carries you out of your current world and into that of the song. For quick results becoming happier, go for the faster-paced music with danceable beats.6. Compliment someoneGiving compliments is a great way of making yourse lf happier. When you focus on someone else, whatever is bugging you loses its power over you.This makes it easier to handle it later as you approach it with a fresh mind. One of the benefits of giving compliments is that it helps you be more lovable as many start appreciating that you notice them.Apart from the possibility of receiving a compliment in return, the smile you put on someone’s face will make you happy with yourself.7. Stay positiveNegative attitudes only see things from the negative point of view. With this point of view, there is never going to be happiness. You will become prone to sadness, anxiety and finally depression.To avert these dangers, make a better choice. Deciding to be positive helps you see things different.For example, when you have too much work, consider that the business is growing. If you are an employee, think of this situation as one that is preparing you for a higher position.This is an opportunity to come up with more efficient ways to work. If the sales are low, it could be an opportunity to develop a new strategy that will beat the competition. Think along these lines and see yourself brighten up.8. Decorate your workspaceYour boredom at work could be as a result of lack of inspiration. Look around and see what you can do about your workspace. Do you have some space on your desk? Why not buy a unique desktop calendar for use in the office? You can also replace some of your stationery with better-looking ones.Get a beautiful wallpaper for your office. Or some wall art which inspires you when you look at it. If you can be allowed to paint it, have some warm color for it. Include some plants around or write some inspirational quotes on the wall.When your workspace looks unique and beautiful, you are more likely to experience happiness. So, as much as possible, make your office space personalized and inspirational.9. Use upbeat languageThe words you speak carry a lot of weight with them. Start saying how boring the day is a nd you will not be able to make any changes.Your words don’t just describe what you see or feel. They create what you have just said. Your mind is one of the biggest resources you have and it seeks to serve you. When you say something, your mind takes that and creates it.According to it, that’s what you want done. It’s simply being a faithful servant.So why not make better use of it?10. Take a walkWalking has always been recommended by many health experts as one of the best exercises. More than that, when you take a walk, your body gets excited.Remember how you used to be excited back in school during outdoor classes? You are not the one who decided to get excited; your mind started it all.The four corners of your office can easily get boring. The moment you step out and smell some fresh air, things change. Just go out and look at the trees, hear the birds chirp or even see the traffic situation. You will get some inspiration from it.11. Remember happy momentsYou will always l ove the happy moments you experience in life. Unfortunately, you can’t live life always in a happy moment.Not even the rich can have that. Life isn’t designed to give you such a privilege.However, you can beat it by keeping the memories close enough. Lean back and go down memory lane.Do you remember the fun days of your honeymoon? Remember how you celebrated your last birthday? Or your graduation party? Go through these and see yourself start beaming with joy.12. Soak yourself in a bathAre you working from home or can you have a bath at work? Your mood cannot resist the pampering your body gets when you soak yourself in a nice, warm bath.Apart from improving your mood, there are other benefits. You can also add essential oils into the bath. Oils like orange and peppermint work very well. Some more oils are listed here for you to choose which you want to try out.13. Give yourself a challengeWho doesn’t like winning? That is the essence of a challenge. You participate with the i ntention of winning.When you win you automatically feel good about yourself. Challenging yourself gives you growth.You see how good you are at doing the thing you did successfully. This boosts your confidence and you are able to take on other challenges. Look at your job. Can you split it into parts and challenge yourself to finish individual parts in 10 minutes? Do you believe you can?Go ahead and do it. Prove that you can actually do it and let the skeptics suffer the shame. With that success, take on the other smaller part and soon, the whole job will be finished. You thought the task would take you more than 1 hour?Well, congratulations. You did it in 30 minutes.14. DanceDancing is fun. And the best part of it is that you don’t need to be a trained dancer. Put on some music and just dance.Move your body as you feel the beats demanding. If you feel clumsy, the better. It’s part of the fun. You are not competing against anyone. You are just having fun. All by yourself.Whoever thinks he can judge your skills doesn’t get it. As they get negative by not liking what you are doing, you are releasing endorphins and enjoying it. You also enjoy more benefits other than just boosting your moods.15. Avoid complainingComplaining may seem like a natural response to stressful situations, though it’s not. Complaining is more of a choice response. You knowingly decide to react instead of responding.And after doing it often enough, your mind becomes trained so that this is your preferred response. When you complain, you stick to negativity and the effects cause you more harm than you know.The good news is that you can stop complaining. Watch the below video for tips on how to stop complaining. 16. Change your routineRoutine can easily become boring. When you do the same thing the same way every day, your life becomes too predictable. In some cases, predictability brings security and that is a good thing.An example is your monthly pay at work. You wouldn’t want to work in a company where there is no guarantee of receiving your pay.When it however comes to life in general, your mind becomes unable to practise creativity. Creativity is not just for artists. Everyone has it and desires to use it. If your work does not include situations for you to be creative, then break the monotony yourself.Change the flow of your work. You can also change your schedules, as long as you don’t interfere with other people’s jobs. To achieve happiness, leave things open and don’t stick to only one way of doing things.The less routine, the more life â€" Amos Bronson Alcott.17. Include some ingenuity in your jobDid you think that only drawing artists are creative? Or poets and fiction writers? Surprise! Surprise! Everyone is creative but if you focus on certain people, you won’t see it.You won’t even recognize your own creativity. Look at your job and see how you can bring in some creativity. You have it inside you so don’t look for it elsewhere.Writing a report? Highlight some interesting data and point at what they indicate. Too much text? You can use free infographic tools to brighten it up and celebrate yourself as the data becomes more digestible. Enjoy the results without waiting for people to say it’s good.18. Smell some flowersWhat comes to your mind when you see flowers? Probably an anniversary, birthday, someone thinking about someone else. Whichever the case, flowers are an indication of love in the air. And you don’t need to wait for someone to show you love. When was the last time you showed yourself some love?Buy yourself some flowers. If your office has a daily delivery of fresh flowers, then indulge yourself. Flowers look good and brighten the room, but they also smell good. When it comes to your mood, that floral scent for an energy boost could be all you need.19. Just smileWhenever you are happy you smile. Right? But did you know that the reverse is also true? You don’t have to feel good in order to smile. You can also smile in order to feel good. Smiling and feelings of happiness operate on a two-way street. Your mind interprets your feelings but can also be influenced as necessary.When you smile, the movement of the muscles involved tell your mind that something good has happened and it responds accordingly. Apart from that, when you force a smile, you know very well that you are trying to trick your mind. Since you are eager to see how your brain performs, you get excited.This becomes a funny situation and as your brain fails the test, you see the humor and smile wider or even laugh. Try it and see for yourself.20. Spend time with someone who is happyDo you know someone who is happy? Spend some time with them and you will pick up some happiness. You can divide them into two: those always happy (mostly happy) and those experiencing a happy moment.What you can be sure of is that they treasure their happiness and won’t trade it for gloom.Step into their space and they will immediate ly notice you’re not happy. Depending on how much friendship exist between you two, they may approach you in either of two ways. They may ask and even make you forget your gloom and join them in happiness. Alternatively, they may listen to you talk, give you some advice and tell you to just enjoy life.The best part? They are not theoretic. They lead by example, and so will guide you into it.21. Help outA little kindness goes a long way. No-one ever made it in life all by himself. You will always need a helping hand. Perhaps helping hands. What happens when someone helps you out when you’re stuck? You are amazed at the love shown and express gratitude. If you help someone out, you will realize that the gratitude part is not the end of the story.Whenever you are appreciated you feel special. Your feelings of self-worth are raised and that makes you happy. Stepping away from your desk to help someone with a job also frees your mind from what is stressing you.Taking that break enabl es your mind to come back fresh and chances of you tackling the task successfully are increased.22. ExerciseExercises tell the body that it is ‘me time’ and so focus shifts from your boring job instantly. As you move the various parts of your body, endorphins are released promptly.Your body knows that it is getting into better shape. It knows that it getting healthier thus it will become better. It is also a time out   of the routine and your mind will love you for that.Since you cannot substitute desks and chairs for the weights found at the gym, stretches can be great exercises while at work. You also don’t need a lot of space for these. Just push your chair inside your desk and you’re good to go. Watch the below video for some ideas. 23. Make new friendsYou obviously know the value of friends in life. You can never have enough of them and there is no limit on their number. The more friends you have the easier life is. With friends, you get people who can help you finish y our work faster.They can also give you ideas and tips to implement. More than that, some of them can detect unhappiness in you and come to your rescue. Isn’t that a great thing?Friendships are to be highly regarded. Imagine your life with many great friends. Well, you have the opportunity to invest in your future now. Tip: making friends gives you a sense of achievement. That, will make you happy instantly.24. Take a napSleeping is good for relieving stress and relaxing you. But can you really go to sleep while at work? Relax. You don’t need 6 hours of sleep at work to become happy. Taking a short nap will do the trick.Research shows that taking a nap can leave you feeling happier. It will also boost your productivity and keep you more focused. All you need is your desk and probably your hands to act as the pillow. No costs attached.25. Think yourself to happinessAs scientists have proven by the many studies and experiments focused on the brain, your mind is really powerful. So powerful that it can create what you want.You can think your way into desirable states of mind and influence how your body feels. This includes happiness. In simple terms, this is called using your imagination.You want to be happier? Just think your way to happines. You can close your eyes to make it easier. Imagine yourself being happy. What would it feel like? All the stress gone and life being so good. You are all smiles, knowing no problems. If you are keen enough to notice without interrupting the flow, by this time there is a smile on your face. Your mind is pretty excited and your body is reflecting it. You can continue for as long as you need to.26. Give someone a treatDid you know that making someone happy makes you happy too? Give someone a treat and you will enjoy it equally. It doesn’t have to be big. Just buy someone lunch. Maybe some snacks to go with the mid-morning coffee.The intention is to show generosity and see them smile. The smile on their faces is more conta gious than you might think.But more importantly, when you have done something good for someone, you also become happy. This is similar to what happens when you give someone a gift. You just love it as you see them unwrap it with expectations and find that it’s something they love. So go ahead and give someone a treat. You can be sure of reaping from it. Instantly.27. Reward yourselfFor all the efforts you put in your work, you surely need some reward. Forget the paycheck and perks. A reward from you to yourself. How do you feel when you receive your pay at the end of the month? Very happy. How do you feel when you get recognized for a job well done? Very happy. It’s time you recognized yourself. Your own efforts.When you reward yourself, you recognize your efforts. Failure to do this produces burnout as you push yourself to the limits yet don’t see any fruit for it. This is one of the reasons you get paidâ€"for you to see the fruit of your labor.When you have some work to fini sh and life is becoming boring, reward yourself for the resilience thus far. Use any of the things you love.The food you love. Some smoothie. Doughnuts for your evening tea. The reward will brighten you up as you enjoy it and you will be ready for more work.28. Take a break and playThough it’s an old saying, all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy remains true. And don’t be lied to that once you grow up you can’t play. Or shouldn’t play. Your body needs to unwind.One of the reasons children don’t experience stress is because they care less what people think. If they feel like playing, that’s what they will do. They will even insist that you join them. And get angry if you don’t.If your office has a dedicated area for some games then find someone to play with or against. If there isn’t, then use your phone or computer to play your favorite video game. Be it racing games, puzzles, adventure games or any other, your mind needs it and it will thank you for it. There i s so much joy that comes with playing and your mood is improved immediately.29. Have a real life chatToo much technology is not that good. There is convenience but what happens when technology seeks to replace human beings? Online chats are great but they can never beat a chat with a friend in real life. Chats in real life also help you improve your interpersonal skills. So, instead of rushing to post on social media how boring the day is, get to one of your colleagues and chat with them.Listen to them narrate their experience of the morning traffic. Don’t hold back the laughter if it’s funny. Are you reminded of your own experience? Share it. Enjoy the time and in as few as 10 minutes, you will be happier than you previously were.30. Recite a positive mantraMantras are not only useful when trying to change behavior. You can also use them to remind yourself of something good and important. Such as the need to stay happy. Make it something short and easy to remember but full of m eaning. When you recite them, your brain knows that it is supposed to create an environment suitable for what you are stating. Here are some examples.31. Celebrate little victoriesYou may have several big projects or just one that’s really stressing you out. Do you know what the reason is? You are focusing too much on the bigger picture.As important as the ultimate goal is, it is the smaller victories that build up to the big one. Fixing your mind on the big picture is a great thing to do to maintain long-term focus. In the short-term however, you need a different strategy to avoid burnout. Consider the little victories and celebrate them.If your project is not broken into smaller pieces, start there right now. What you have achieved by now can be looked at as phases in the project. For the success so far, congratulations. These are the right measures of your daily successes. So if you’re looking for happiness, you will find it here.The completed phases of your project show you your success and for these successes, you better celebrate. You will feel better about yourself and experience improved moods.32. Plan to cook a great meal for dinnerMaking plans for a great dinner easily gets your mind off your work. As you see yourself preparing the meal, your mind creates the picture for you of the satisfaction you will have.You know how much joy you get from cooking and enjoying the meal with everyone else. This is your opportunity of getting in touch with what gives you joy.As you make the plan in your mind, you will anticipate actualizing it. The excitement generated from this will not only grant you happiness but also motivate you to finish your work early.33. Have some chocolateThere is a very good reason why chocolates are always part of valentine’s day. They are also widely given out during other happy moments like birthdays and anniversaries. Is it just a coincidence?Research shows that polyphenols found in cocoa, improve mood. Cocoa is the main ingredi ent in chocolates thus the source of the benefit. Have some chocolate and experience natural mood improvement.34. Lower your expectationsToo much stress in life comes from having high expectations. Whether you set them yourself or your boss sets them for you, there is need to work around them. Some argue that high expectations push you to work hard. They are however counter-productive as they create stress and inhibit morale when they are not achieved. You need to lower your expectations. How? Plan ahead.If you know that your boss could set high standards for you, work on a way of countering it. A good way is to look at the work, evaluate it then split it into various portions. Show your boss how your way is the best for getting the job done in the shortest time. Involve others and distribute the work.The high expectations will be shared, consequently reduced on your end. What is it that will make you happier than ‘outsmarting’ your boss?35. Psych yourself upFootball players alw ays get it from their coaches during break time. Sales people always give it to themselves before pitching to big clients. You need it too.What is it? A pep talk. You need to remember how good you are. You need to remember that you have all it takes. Victory is never too far and the closer you get to it, the more it feels harder to achieve.You need just a little more encouragement and you will make it. Watch the below video and keep it as a reminder that you can do it. 36. Check social media updatesIsn’t it a beautiful thing that you can catch up with friends even when they are far away? Social media gives you the alternative to real life chatting with your friends. Checking those status updates isn’t time wasting. Social media can actually make you happier. When you see people liking and sharing your posts, making positive comments about your posts, your mood gets lifted.If you are doing it right, then your posts are inspiring people to bring out the best they have. Their lives are getting better. Wouldn’t you want to know their feedback? Wouldn’t you feel good that you’re making a difference in someone’s life?This is what gives you joy.The happiness you get from this may be all you need to turn your boredom around and finish the day strong. Take time and check those updates and comments.37. DaydreamYou desire to have the biggest house in the world or to be the richest person? Have the most luxurious beach house and a luxury yacht to go with it? Monitor from home your multi-billion dollar companies? None of these is unattainable. Especially not in your dreams.Do not feel ashamed of it. Take a break and daydream. Get rid of those stress hormones and enjoy some minutes of luxury life. By the time you are done with that short life, you will be feeling happier. You may also be motivated to work towards its reality.CONCLUSIONThere you go. 37 ways to be happier at work asap. The next time you feel boredom squeezing life out of you, pick one or several o f these and implement immediately.Remember: this is personal therapy.Do not be bothered by what other people think about you. Let them watch you get happier and more productive.

The Sarbanes Oxley Act Controversy - 1844 Words

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act arose as a result of several corporate accounting scandals that became public in late 2001 and early 2002. These scandals involved many publicly traded companies such as Enron, which â€Å"boosted profits and hid debts totaling over $1 billion by improperly using off-the-books partnerships†; WorldCom, which â€Å"overstated its cash flow by booking $3.8 billion in operating expenses as capital expenses and gave founder Bernard Ebbers $400 million in off-the-books loans†; and Xerox, which â€Å"falsified financial results for five years, boosting income by $1.5 billion†, among a long list of others (Patsuris, 2002). In the book Revolutionary Wealth, Alvin and Heidi Toffler (2006) explain that â€Å"slowly changing regulatory and†¦show more content†¦Regulation and Enforcement The Sarbanes-Oxley Act consists of 11 titles that set significant requirements and consequences for non-compliance in terms of transparency of financial repor ting and accountability of leadership for publicly held companies. The Act established the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB), which is an independent, nongovernmental and non-profit organization created to oversee the audits of public companies. The Act also set requirements for the audit committee, the CEO and CFO in regards to certifying financial statements, prohibits loans to executive officers, require real-time disclosure of information, changed the deadline for insiders to report trading in company s securities to within two business days of the transaction, provides for the protection of whistleblowers, and imposes sanctions and penalties on violators of the provisions of the Act (â€Å"Corporate scandals, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and equity prices,† 2007, p. 83). All of these provisions are used to help improve accuracy and reliability of corporate disclosures by ensuring transparency, neutrality, and accountability in reporting financials, in order to protect investors. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act has manyShow MoreRelatedThe Sarbanes Oxley Act Of 20021525 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Cheeseman, 2013). 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The largest and most infamous scandal was from an energy company named Enron. Enron was the 7th largest company in 2001 and by the end of 2002 it was bankrupt. The company was found to be falsifying

America and World War II Essay - 1103 Words

Was World War II a Good War For America? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;One of the most important wars ever fought was World War II. In the midst, the Nazis were in control of most of Europe, the Soviet Union was causing more deaths than any other country, and Japan had taken over parts of China. The United States of America was stuck in the middle of all this. They had to deal with the Nazis and deciding when to join the war, meanwhile, Japan was breathing down their necks with attacks. What was America to do? What would happen to America, and would this be a â€Å"good war† for them? I believe World War II was a â€Å"good war† for America because it made them a higher power like they are today.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;†¦show more content†¦The US had an embargo against Japan because of their territorial advances threatening US territories in South-East Asia. The Japanese were bound to attack the US and the US knew it, but still did not attack or declare war on Japan until Japan had attacked the US. This shows that the proper chance to avoid war with Japan was given, and that the declaration of war against Japan was necessary. Germany was known to be in alliance with Japan, and was at war with our allies. Germany was also sinking American ships in the Atlantic. This justifies the United States in its decision to declare war on Germany. America could see the positive effects this war could have on them at that point. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The war effected every part of American life. Economically, the nation was lifted out of the depression. During the war, full employment was reached, and there was not much on which to spend money. After the war, the US was in better physical shape than any other nation on Earth. All other industrialized nations had been bombed and attacked extensively, but the US was left virtually untouched. As a world power, the US was forever changed. Never again would America play the role of the neutral nation. Emerging as the only nation with the power of the atom gave the US the leading role as a super power nation. From the end of the war until now and into theShow MoreRelatedWorld War Ii and America944 Words   |  4 PagesThe world’s greatest war, World War II began in 1939 and lasted for almost six years. It was between two military alliances. On the axis powers were Japan, Germany and the Kingdom of Italy. While the allies were lead by United Kingdom, China, Soviet Union and The United States of America. America was not directly involved in the war in the early stages. 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The policy of Neutrality â€Å"Isolationism† America s policy of neutrality and isolationism changed afterRead MoreEffects Of World War II On America Essay958 Words   |  4 PagesIn September of 1939, a global war had begun when Hitler led the German forces to invade Poland. The American president was reluctant on entering the war because he was building allies in the western hemisphere and was focused on making life better on the home front. Tragedy struck America on the morning of December 7, 1941 when the Japanese conducted a surprise aerial attack against the United States naval base at pearl harbor. The lethal and deadly force of the attack spurred President Franklin

IT Development in Major Business Firms Free Essays

The purpose of this White Paper is to inform you on the Information Technology situation at Enqvist Int. Information Technology is all the hardware, software, telecommunications, database management, and other information that we use to process technology using computer based information systems. IT helps create business strategies in many business fields, including Business Management. We will write a custom essay sample on IT Development in Major Business Firms or any similar topic only for you Order Now In this white paper, you will be presented with the current standing of our IT development as well as improvements that can and should be make to increase company productivity. By further developing our IT infrastructure, Enqvist Int. an improve so that we have the most up to date technology available in our field. More specifically, I am going to present to you the possibilities associated with upgrading our current software, databases as well as our telecommunications network within the organization. A few of the benefits that will be received will be increased collaboration, quicker, easier access to customer information as well as to supplier information. These details are discussed in depth in the scope of this white paper. Enqvist Int. is a manufacturing company that produces office equipment. The production plant is based in New Albany and we distribute mainly to Indianapolis, Louisville and Cincinnati. We also do business with other companies in between these metropolitan areas. At Enqvist Int. , our products are sold to other businesses that use our equipment in their offices as well at to retailers for resale. We have offices in all three major cities that set up sales with possible clients. It is important that all three locations share common information with each other as well as with the plant in New Albany to make sure that there will be enough equipment to meet the demand for those cities as well as the surrounding areas. A close eye is always kept on inventory at Enqvist Int. as we pride ourselves in having what consumers want when they want it. Management of this inventory is currently done by hand at the plant in New Albany before the products are shipped to their designated location. In the following pages of this white paper I will present to you the current situation of Enqvist Int. in the IT fields of software, databases and telecommunications. After discussing how we currently use these technologies I will follow up with some developments that can be made in each field to improve the way we do business. After discussing these issues I will give my recommendations on what I think the appropriate action would be to increase the productivity of Enqvist Int. I will conclude with what we can hope to expect from IT in the future. Scope of Situation in Business Management I have been working with an IT Specialist from Cisco. com discussing with him the alternatives of the way we are currently using IT in our company. He has been giving me suggestions along the way with what to offer you in this white paper. Again, I will focus on three major areas, software, databases and telecommunication. At the present time Enqvist Int. does not have any particular software suite common to the three major offices. All three locations have access to the Internet and internally in the three organizations there is access to an Intranet. Product inventory is kept by hand with the information being stored on a hard drive in computers. There are relatively few computers on hand at the plant in New Albany while each employee has their own workstation at each of the three metropolitan locations. According to my IS source, we have an array of options for improving out software condition. In today†s IT world, the trend in software is away from custom design programs and towards of the shelf software suites that are user friendly to our employees. The trend is leaning away from procedural and machine specific programming and towards specific business application uses. Speaking in terms of productivity, we can upgrade from our current software to software that will increase productivity. To continue doing business as usual we need to have a software suite that has the major types of software already installed and ready to use. Remember that we will need a system that meets our requirements of how we do business. Some of the basic software necessary will be a Web browser, e-mail, desktop publishing and word processing. These are all included in several suites such as Microsoft 2000. For example, 2000 has several business specific applications like Word and Excel just to name a couple. These applications can help keep track of our inventory as well as the product schedule of what we will be running on the production line at the plant. E-mail and other forms of virtual groupware will help increase communications between employees at all locations. Another alternative would be to implement a new operating system into the organization to meet our increasing software needs and requirements. An operating system is an integrated system of programs and software that manages the operations of computers. It controls the inputs/outputs and storage of information. In our case the primary reasoning behind an operating system would be to maximize productivity in a more efficient manner. An operating system has four major characteristics that help this process; User Interface, Resource Management, File Management and Task Management. These qualities will help Enqvist International†s management team accomplish specific tasks such as checking to see how much inventory is in stock for a particular product. An operating system will also help with basic business management functions such as storing and retrieving customer information. That is an overview of the software standing at Enqvist Int. and what is available for us to implement to improve they was we use software. Implementing this system at all locations of Enqvist Int. will be costly but the benefits derived should offset those costs. Some benefits will include efficient work, easy interaction with other software, reliability, and application specific programs. Enqivst Int. currently has a strong database infrasturcture but there is room for improvement. We currently have three separate databases, one for each metropolitan location. Each location can run several applications to find and configure data needed for themselves or to relay to customers. There is one big step we can take to improve our overall schema of Database Management systems. After consulting with my IS agent, I have discovered a more error free way to keep track of data. Instead of having the three databases scattered throughout the company, we could have one main database that can be accessed by all three locations. For example, when an employee is running an application to find data on a customer, he will be able to find all data about them in one place instead of going to different databases for pieces of information. A Database Management System (DBMS) is a set of computer programs that control the creation, maintenance and use of data. This DBMS will consolidate records previously stored in separate files into a common file. The benefits of this include the ability for ad hoc queries. These are unique unscheduled information requests from the DBMS, easily capable if we have the newest innovations in DBMS. Forming one main database will also reduce redundant data and errors about those data. For example when information is stored in separate files you need to change customer information in all areas, this problem is eliminated with what I am offering, once you change the information in one area it is automatically done in every aspect of that customer. This will be favorable for Enqvist Int. because customer information will always be up to date. We will have all our entities kept together with the proper attributes to those entities easily accessible to our employees. DBMS will also allow us to build new applications to apply to the way we do business. For example, we will have all of our customer information in one area as well as information on suppliers to the plant in New Albany. DBMS will improve our efficiency and possibly help Enqvist Int. expand to new markets. There are four major benefits we can receive from DBMS. They are: Database Development, Data Interrogation, Data Maintenance, and Application Development. These benefits will help Enqvist Int. keep track of data about the business as well as being able to interrogate the data to be displayed in forms desired by our end users and employees. All this is available just by sharing a common database. The overall organization will be better informed about company data to provide better quaility decision making. There are issues to consider before changing our database infrastructure. We know that this system is able to update the database to reflect new transactions but we also need a DBMS that is reliable, secure and has a large capacity as we are a growing company. Determining who has access to what information in the database will be an important decision that will be made by upper management. Enqvist Int. employees currently have accessibility to a local area network (LAN) within the organization they work for depending on the city. Employees at the three respective stores have all their computers wired together within the office. While this has enabled the employees to communicate with each other and retrieve information about their office transactions, it does not allow them to communicate and have access with possibly needed information from the other two stores. We already have the basic components needed to improve our telecommunications network. We have the computer terminals and processors and the control software to manage the functions for which we use telecommunication. We could however take advantage of a more powerful channel over which our date is transmitted and received. We could also have this channel run fiber optic lines to connect the organizations three LANs creating a Wide Are Network (WAN). A WAN allows connection for large geographical areas, perfect for our situation. We could also form a VPN but our locations are close enough to form a WAN. Implementing a WAN will enable managers, end users, employees and workgroups to electronically exchange data and information from any of three stores with anyone in the company. This will increase collaboration between employees but can be costly. However, the benefits are incredible. Office workers will still be connected internally but also with all other offices including the plant in New Albany. By having all the offices connected to the production plant, employees will no longer have to send e-mails to find out information regarding product inventory or when shipments are being sent and arrived at their location. This takes time and may possibly cost us customers who will look elsewhere. With a WAN, employees could have access to this and other information to use in increasing customer service, another issue associated with business management. The speed and connectivity allowed through a WAN are just a few of the benefits that can be received from implementing one. Managers will have to take some things into consideration when implementing a WAN. With information so accessible to employees we must make sure it is secure so no one else can hack into our network. There are also the issues of who in the company can see and use what information. Employees at all locations are now able to work together on team projects and connect to the plant to check product information but their accessibility will have to have some end. Only office managers and management members above them should have access to company information such as income statements kept on our software programs and total operating cost or per unit costs, other important issues in business management. Once these rules are set, a WAN can increase our company productivity greatly. After informing you on the current situation that Enqvist Int. egarding Information Technology, I will now relay some suggestions that I feel can help this company improve and grow. Working with my IS consultant has helped me tell you the possible ways we can improve the current way we use IT at Enqvist Int. I feel that we could increase productivity to its maximum by using an operating system as our software suite. We could use this system to keep track on product inventory so that fewer errors occur in calculating inventory. Another advantage to Enqvist Int. from an operating system is that our employees will have access to user friendly, application specific business programs. I also feel that we should combine our organizations databases into one common database accessible to our end users. Keeping customer information as well as information on employees and data about the plant in New Albany will help our employees work better to improve customer service. A DBMS also reduces errors that may be in our data. All employees will see that same thing when they look up a common file where as when the information was stored separately two different users might see two different descriptions for the same customer. In reference to our telecommunications network, I think I already made my recommendation known in the scope of this white paper. I feel that implementing a WAN to connect our organization three current LANs will help Enqvist Int. improve in many areas by collaborating with each other. Connecting them with fiber optic lines will increase the speed at which this can be done. It will help us overcome geographical barriers and possibly expand to new markets. The recommendations made to you in this white paper won†t come cheap to Enqvist Int. ut I feel that the benefits we can receive from doing so will outweigh these costs and in time pay for themselves in increased employee productivity. Enqvist Int. has shown in the past that we can survive in our highly competitive market but to stay that way we need to improve our IT situation. By following some or all of the recommendations made to you Enqvist Int. will likely continue to thrive into the future with the help of IT. It seems as if the Information Technology world is changing everyday, which it is. By improving our IT infrastructure as mentioned in this paper, we will reap the benefits of what IT can do for business today. We can only wait and see what IT will have in store for us into the future, creating new innovating ways to manage data and help with business needs. It is likely that the IT tools we have today will be compatible with what will happen in to future thus allowing us to take advantage of those changes in IT. Into the future I think we should also start an Internet site to try in increase sales by expanding our market and also to add advertising. I know that the managers at Enqvist Int. ave been thinking on this for awhile now and with the help of my IS consultant, we could implement it relatively soon. Something that we could see in the future of IT is increased voice recognition. It is already possible for users to talk over the Internet to each other and hear each other. Something that we can look forward to in our computers is their increased voice recognition. We will be able to talk to our computers to accomplish tasks hands free. The computer may actually be able to communicate back with us in the future making working a computer easier and more productive than ever. Also in the future of IT we can expect to see increase in flexibility regarding what IT can do with increased power. This flexibility will open an expanding range of IT applications that help business processes. We will also experience increasing bandwidth making connection over networks faster and more reliable to access information. The future still remains to be seen but with IT, the possibilities are endless, I have only named a few. From writing this White Paper I learned that it is essential for today†s businesses to have IT has a backbone of their operations. To be competitive in today†s market, businesses need to have a strong IT infrastructure to assist them in running their organization. I also strengthened my understanding of how IT can help businesses expand and grow by making them accessible all over the world via the Internet. They can do business now with people anywhere but this is also something that many companies are having trouble doing today. However, I understand that by using IT to help you manage you information and to create the ability to work and collaborate together, it can help to improve your business and now I realize how this works a lot more in depth. How to cite IT Development in Major Business Firms, Essay examples

Walmart in the South

Introduction Walmart’s success in Mexico can be attributed to its competitive cost-reduction strategy. The implementation of NAFTA helped to solve most of the problems that Walmart was facing. Part of the success comes from the new manufacturing companies that established in Mexico. The production of goods in Mexico reduced Walmart’s reliance on imports.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Walmart in the South specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Improved infrastructure played a role in enhancing the effectiveness of the firm’s logistics system. Walmart faces reduced growth in the U.S. market, and varied success in the international markets. There is a culture clash between subsidiaries’ managers and the group’s executives. The firm can use local brands to enter new markets. There is a greater opportunity if Walmart can exploit the unmet needs in the emerging markets. Analysis The imple mentation of NAFTA helped to solve most of the problems that Walmart was facing (Daniles, Radebaught and Sulivan 365). Walmart is known as a low price retailer. Without NAFTA, Walmart was finding it hard to maintain low prices. A tariff rate of 10% made it difficult to compete with local firms (Daniles, Radebaught and Sulivan 365). It shows that Walmart relied on imports, before the formation of NAFTA. Walmart’s success can be attributed to NAFTA, which is based on imported goods. Part of the success comes from the new manufacturing companies. As a result of the new manufacturing companies, Walmart does not need to import some of the products. The tariff rate is 3% in the post-NAFTA era (Daniles, Radebaught and Sulivan 365). Walmart can obtain the goods at a free-tariff rate if they are manufactured in Mexico. The manufacture of goods in Mexico helped Walmart to avoid imports. Freight costs and tariffs are eliminated as a result of local production. NAFTA helped to reduce the cost of imported goods. Part of the success comes from improved infrastructure. Better infrastructure has helped Walmart to solve the logistical problems that it encountered when it entered Mexico (Daniles, Radebaught and Sulivan 364). The firm was finding trouble to use its experience in logistics because Mexico lacked supportive infrastructure. The Mexican government and the private sector have been involved in improving infrastructure. Any American firm would have encountered similar logistical problems. Walmart’s central distribution centers have reduced part of the problem. The distribution centers provide a central location, which reduces the overall distance that goods need to be transported. It can be noted that Walmart’s competitive strategy provides its ability to succeed.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Walmart has continuously reduced prices as par t of its competitive strategy (Daniles, Radebaught and Sulivan 364). Walmart relies on low prices to capture a larger market share. The ability to negotiate with suppliers for lower prices is Walmart’s competitive strategy. Walmart captured a large market share through acquisitions, which gave it a higher bargaining power over suppliers. Competitors collaborated to have a similar advantage. However, they are disappointed by Walmart’s continuous reduction of product prices. Walmart’s success in competitive pricing can be attributed to its strategy to gain a large market share, and collaborate with suppliers. Another American retailer would not have succeeded with a different strategy. Walmart’s strategy in reducing costs gave it a competitive advantage. Comerci and Soriana have combined their purchases to gain a higher bargaining power over suppliers (Daniles, Radebaught and Sulivan 365). Walmart’s main strategy is to reduce costs by working closely with suppliers. Comerci and Soriana are forced to combine their purchases because they have lost their market share. Comerci and Soriana need a continuous improvement strategy to reduce cost. The firms need internal controls to reduce costs continually. If they can continually reduce costs, they will be able to match Walmart’s competitiveness. Walmart’s strategy in Mexico and Central America is to focus on cost reduction, and an efficient logistics system. The effectiveness of the logistics system has been used to support suppliers, and the distribution network (Daniles, Radebaught and Sulivan 364). Walmart segmentation makes it easier to target specific demographic groups. Bilateral agreements have reduced the tariff rates of imports from 49 countries (Daniles, Radebaught and Sulivan 365). Walmart has gained a wider range of option in countries from which it can import goods. NAFTA reduced tariff rates in North America making it easier for the firm to import product from the U.S. into Mexico. Geographical proximity has an impact on free trade agreements as it can be seen in the NAFTA agreement. It has an impact on the cost of freight. It affects the speed at which goods may be imported. When countries are located close together, goods take less time on board.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Walmart in the South specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some of the challenges the firm may face as it expands include culture clashes, logistical problems, intense rivalry from local brands, and misunderstanding consumer preferences in different countries. Intense rivalry emerges when competitors copy Walmart’s pricing strategy. Misunderstanding consumer demand comes from entering new markets. Logistical problems are attributed to poor infrastructure, and different trends in new markets. Alternatives Enter new markets using local brands, and then convert to Walmart after some time (BDC par. 4) Walmart used the same approach in Mexico (Daniles, Radebaught and Sulivan 363). It can work in markets where people are loyal to local brands. The firm may also use local brands permanently. Advantages The firm can capture a large market share rapidly because it is able to benefit from the local brand. It provides time to win local brand loyalists, before changing to Walmart. It provides time learn and integrate new cultures. Disadvantages It may build the local brands instead of promoting Walmart as a brand. It may be necessary to have separate marketing programs to capture different brands, which may increase marketing costs. Find markets for products that can be made locally as new products Eyring, Johnson and Nair (par. 5) suggest that the best way to succeed in the emerging markets is to find unmet needs, and develop products to meet the needs. The firm can seek to find out why some products are not very successful, and find ways of increasing the attractivenes s of the products. Eyring, Johnson and Nair (par. 3) discuss that multinationals fail to succeed in emerging economies because most of them think that reducing costs is the only formula to succeed. Advantages New products in new markets have a potential for rapid growth in revenues. Customers in emerging markets have a tendency of trying new products (BDC par. 3). Disadvantages New products may need a lot of marketing to create awareness. New products may turn into slow moving stock. New products may need importation, which increases cost. Walmart can succeed by targeting the largest social class in a country Eyring, Johnson and Nair (par. 5) explain that when a company targets high-income earners in emerging economies, they may not be very successful. The reason is that high-income earners do not form a large part of the population in emerging economies. Advantages Middle-income earners are increasing in emerging markets. Revenues rely on the sale of basic commodities, which c an get support from middle-income earners. Disadvantages The largest social class may have a low purchasing power, especially in emerging markets. The major difference between high-income earners and middle-income earners may be in the purchase of durables. Middle-income earners may purchase less of durable products than high-income earners. Walmart needs to update its automatic logistics system to recognize products with a high percentage of discounts, which they would not want to be reordered Advantage It will prevent reordering of products that do not maximize profits. Disadvantages It will be costly to regularly update the programmed system to match emerging needs. It will need verbal communication between managers of units, executives, and developers of the program. One of the ways of managing culture diversity is by managing the flow of information Nataatmadia and Dyson (581) discuss that knowledge sharing can applied down-upwards within an organization to improve multi cultural understanding. Nataatmadia and Dyson (582) support written communication as opposed to verbal communication for communities where English is learnt in the classroom rather than from practice. Advantages Written communication creates time for better statements and understanding between members. Written communication gives time to non-native English speakers to understand the subject. Managers can learn new things about the people’s culture. Disadvantages Written communication may require support software such as intranet or internet. It involves additional cost. Written communication may reduce openness, which is necessary for sharing knowledge. The Arkansas executive can allow managers in individual countries to create their own organizational culture provided that they meet the firm’s objectives The organization can have only the core parts of its organizational culture standardized.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Advantage The subsidiaries can meet the organization’s goals without having a culture clash between managers and employees. Disadvantages Walmart’s organizational culture may be lost when each subsidiary is identified with a different organization culture. It may difficult to transfer the same success Walmart has in the U.S. to other countries if managers cannot adapt to Walmart’s organizational culture. Conclusion Walmart has the alternative to manage by objectives, and allow subsidiaries to form their own organizational cultures. Sharing knowledge can be used to reduce culture clashes between managers. Walmart continuously reduces prices, which may prevent competitors from catching up with its low price strategy. Competitive pricing may not always be successful. Exploiting the unmet needs is a formula that may work best in emerging markets. Recommendations The firm can enter new markets using local brands. Acquisitions are a good penetration strategy in ne w markets with strong local brands. Television advertisement provides a better coverage, but is very expensive. In the U.S., in 2011, it was about $110,000 on average for a 30-second ad (Crupi par. 1). They can be used in the early stages, before the firm reverts to other methods of advertisement. Later, the firm can scrap out advertisement costs, which can be used to lower the cost of products. Works Cited BDC. Doing Business in Emerging Markets. 13 Jun. 2010. Web. Crupi, Anthony. In Their Prime: Broadcast Spot Costs Soar. 22 Jun. 2011. Web. Daniles, John, Lee Radebaught and Daniel Sulivan. International Business. 14th ed. 2011. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education. Print. Eyring, Matthew, Mark Johnson and Hari Nair. New Business Models in Emerging Markets. 31 Jan. 2011. Web. Nataatmadia, Indrawati and Laurel Dyson. â€Å"Managing the Modern Workforce: Cultural Diversity and Its Implications.† Proceedings of the 2005 Information Resources Management Association Internat ional Conference. San Diego. May 15-18 (2005): 580-584. IRMA. Web. This essay on Walmart in the South was written and submitted by user Julissa C. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Basics of an Experiment

The Basics of an Experiment Science is concerned with experiments and experimentation, but do you know what exactly an experiment is? Heres a look at what an experiment is... and isnt! Key Takeaways: Experiments An experiment is a procedure designed to test a hypothesis as part of the scientific method.The two key variables in any experiment are the independent and dependent variables. The independent variable is controlled or changed to test its effects on the dependent variable.Three key types of experiments are controlled experiments, field experiments, and natural experiments. What Is an Experiment?  The Short Answer In its simplest form, an experiment is simply the test of a hypothesis. Experiment Basics The experiment is the foundation of the scientific method, which is a systematic means of exploring the world around you. Although some experiments take place in laboratories, you could perform an experiment anywhere, at any time. Take a look at the steps of the scientific method: Make observations.Formulate a hypothesis.Design and conduct an experiment to test the hypothesis.Evaluate the results of the experiment.Accept or reject the hypothesis.If necessary, make and test a new hypothesis. Types of Experiments Natural Experiments: A natural experiment also is called a quasi-experiment. A natural experiment involves making a prediction or forming a hypothesis and then gathering data by observing a system. The variables are not controlled in a natural experiment.Controlled Experiments: Lab experiments are controlled experiments, although you can perform a controlled experiment outside of a lab setting! In a controlled experiment, you compare an experimental group with a control group. Ideally, these two groups are identical except for one variable, the independent variable.Field Experiments: A field experiment may be either a natural experiment or a controlled experiment. It takes place in a real-world setting, rather than under lab conditions. For example, an experiment involving an animal in its natural habitat would be a field experiment. Variables in an Experiment Simply put, a variable is anything you can change or control in an experiment. Common examples of variables include temperature, duration of the experiment, composition of a material, amount of light, etc. There are three kinds of variables in an experiment: controlled variables, independent variables and dependent variables. Controlled variables, sometimes called constant variables are variables that are kept constant or unchanging. For example, if you are doing an experiment measuring the fizz released from different types of soda, you might control the size of the container so that all brands of soda would be in 12-oz cans. If you are performing an experiment on the effect of spraying plants with different chemicals, you would try to maintain the same pressure and maybe the same volume when spraying your plants. The independent variable is the one factor that you are changing. It is one factor because usually in an experiment you try to change one thing at a time. This makes measurements and interpretation of the data much easier. If you are trying to determine whether heating water allows you to dissolve more sugar in the water then your independent variable is the temperature of the water. This is the variable you are purposely controlling. The dependent variable is the variable you observe, to see whether it is affected by your independent variable. In the example where you are heating water to see if this affects the amount of sugar you can dissolve, the mass or volume of sugar (whichever you choose to measure) would be your dependent variable. Examples of Things That Are Not Experiments Making a model volcano.Making a poster.Trying something, just to see what happens. On the other hand, making observations or trying something, after making a prediction about what you expect will happen, is a type of experiment. Sources Bailey, R.A. (2008). Design of Comparative Experiments. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521683579.Beveridge, William I. B., The Art of Scientific Investigation. Heinemann, Melbourne, Australia, 1950.di Francia, G. Toraldo (1981). The Investigation of the Physical World. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-29925-X.Hinkelmann, Klaus and Kempthorne, Oscar (2008). Design and Analysis of Experiments, Volume I: Introduction to Experimental Design (Second ed.). Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-72756-9.Shadish, William R.; Cook, Thomas D.; Campbell, Donald T. (2002). Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for generalized causal inference (Nachdr. ed.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 0-395-61556-9.

Merychippus - Facts and Figures

Merychippus - Facts and Figures Name: Merychippus (Greek for ruminant horse); pronounced MEH-ree-CHIP-us Habitat: Plains of North America Historical Epoch: Late Miocene (17-10 million years ago) Size and Weight: About three feet tall at the shoulder and up to 500 pounds Diet: Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Large size; recognizably horse-like head; teeth adapted to grazing; vestigial side toes on front and hind feet About Merychippus Merychippus was something of a watershed in equine evolution: this was the first prehistoric horse to bear a marked resemblance to modern horses, although it was slightly bigger (up to three feet high at the shoulder and 500 pounds) and still possessed vestigial toes on either side of its feet (these toes didnt reach all the way to the ground, though, so Merychippus still would have run in a recognizably horselike way).  By the way, the name of this genus, Greek for ruminant horse, is a bit of a mistake; true ruminants have extra stomachs and chew cuds, like cows, and Merychippus was in fact the first true grazing horse, subsisting on the widespread grasses of its North American habitat. The end of the Miocene epoch, about 10 million years ago, marked what paleontologists call the Merychippine radiation: various populations of Merychippus spawned about 20 separate species of late Cenozoic horses, distributed across various genera, including Hipparion, Hippidion and Protohippus, all of these ultimately leading to the modern horse genus Equus. As such, Merychippus probably deserves to be better known than it is today, rather than being considered just one of the innumerable -hippus genera that populated late Cenozoic North America!

Cystic Fibrosis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Cystic Fibrosis - Research Paper Example Reflecting on the experiences of the patient who has CF provides deeper insight in to the illness and shows that it has a great impact on the lives of the child, family, and then the adult who must live with CF. Cystic fibrosis is an illness that only just 70 years ago was fatal for children within their first year. The illness was most often diagnosed during autopsy and an understanding of the illness had yet to emerge. Although increases in treatment improved the prognosis of CF, real knowledge about the illness came in the late 1980s when in 1989 the CFTR gene was discovered. Originally the sweat test was considered the definitive test to determine the presence of the illness derivations of the disease have emerged that defy the sweat test as the gold standard. The treatment for CF has improved to the point that instead of dying as infants, people are now living long into old age through management and care (Bush, 2006). The following paper will examine cystic fibrosis through looking at what is known about the disease in relationship to its pathology, through the developing knowledge that has increased life expectancy, and through the treatments and care that has extended the lives of those who suffer from the illness. The paper will discuss the experiences of those who suffer from the illness as well as how treatment has advanced throughout the last decade. Cystic fibrosis is a devastating disease that has taken the lives of many children, but with the advances that have been made in understanding the disease, people are now living much longer and more meaningful lives as they live with the condition. In 1938 Dr. Dorothy Andersen wrote a landmark medical report in which the illness of cystic fibrosis was differentiated as a separate and distinct illness. In 1953 Dr. Paul di Sant’Agnese and associates came to understand that losses in salt

See the topic on the file that i send u Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

See the topic on the file that i send u - Essay Example Larmor equation originates from the classical physics and uses specific magnetic field strength. The equation aids in computation of the resonant frequency of the precession (Kamel and Merkle 2011, 102). Larmor equation is significant since it the frequency at which the underlying nucleus ought to absorb energy (Bacchieri and Giovanni Della Cioppa 2007, 56). The process of absorption of energy makes the proton change its configuration and ranges from one to one hundred MHz within the MRI. This paper illustrates the impacts and limitations of the higher B0 3T and 1.5T imaging providing imaging in regard to the Larmor formula. Numerous impacts associated with relocating from lower to higher field strength in regard to the imaging. The different normally result from the Larmor frequency, wavelength and the specific absorption ratio (Weir 2011, 69). Moreover, the primary delinquent pertains to the escalation within the excitation rate of recurrence ? of Larmor equation: ?0 = ? B0 Where ? 0 = the angular frequency of precession of protons within an external magnetic field, ? = gyromagnetic ratio=42.58 MHz/T i.e. ? = 2.67*108 radians s-1 T-1 B0 = the strength of the external magnetic field Thus, the timbre frequency escalates from roughly 63.9 MHz at the rate of 1.5T to corresponding 127.8 MHz at 3T. For computation of the wavelength within the water and the velocity of light is equivalent to 3.0?108M/s over the prevailing echo frequency. The dielectric constant of H2O into consideration: .The wavelength within liquid diminishes from fifty two centimeters at a range of 1.5T to corresponding twenty six centimeters at a range of 3T (Kamel and Merkle 2011, 115). Relative diminutive wavelengths are nearer the ordinary physique diameters and result to a gain of protective impacts. It also results to intrusions of overlaid RF surfs possessing multifaceted impacts on the RF consistency. The related complications are predominant within the front and lumbar imaging processes ( Bacchieri and Giovanni Della Cioppa 2007, 56). Rectification of an imaging problem takes place via RF shimming and advancing coil design. Absorption ratio associates to the corresponding square of excitation frequency that affects the square B0 field strength (Vittinghoff 2012, 65). The Larmor precession rate of recurrence is the degree of the precession of a swirl package within the magnetic field power. The rate of recurrence of the RF pointer stimulates alteration within the nucleus spin energy level. It also determines the gyromagnetic proportion of atoms and strength of the underlying magnetic meadow. Thus, stronger magnetic fields will result in higher precessional frequency (Kamel and Merkle 2011, 95). RF rhythm of the Larmor rate of recurrence is the applicable core atom and protons, which changes configuration of track of the principal attractive field. The rearrangement of the positive ion to the chief attractive field results in the emission of energy at the Larmor freque ncy. Attractive field variation across the magnetic field slope results in deviation of the Larmor rate of recurrence (Weir 2011, 85). Chemical shift scale is directly proportional to attractive field strength. Thus, plump and liquid resonance rate of recurrence normally contrast via the two hundred and twenty hertz at a range of one point five tesla and corresponding four hundred and forty

Antigone and Ismene :: English Literature Essays

Antigone and Ismene Tragic heroes are generally people of high social stature with a tragic flaw that usually manifests itself in the form of poor judgment and arrogance, condemning the hero to a disastrous end and establishing the character’s destiny. Antigone is a tragic heroine deeply conflicted between her virtue and her hubris, personifying courage in her civil disobedience against criminal "leadership." A product of incest, her very existence is shameful, but perhaps this is why Antigone has such a burning desire for righteousness. She has great regard for following tradition, and a compulsion to follow these traditions even at the cost of her own life. Sacrifice is one of her qualities and she is ready to die for what she believes in. She shows disdain for Ismene’s cowardice and tendency to be a fair-weather friend. Her reprisals against traitors are especially fiery. Her concern for family becomes almost an unhealthy obsession, and her selflessness is soon shown to be madness and self-infliction. Being a tragic heroine, she shows excellence of character and bravery, but her fatal flaw is that her will to please the gods is greater than her will to preserve her own life. In the end, uncompromised rigidity is her downfall. She obeys the laws of the gods and is careless about the mortal law’s penalty, her own death. Antigone does not understand the need to act according to humanity’s place in the scheme in things, one’s pleasing of the gods should continue up until the point when it puts ones life in danger. Our heroine shows hubris by breaking the rule of the golden mean, not because she is egotistical, but because her head gets in the clouds when she believes herself to be a high and mighty enforcer of virtue. This is a form of arrogance, which Zeus despises. Her conception of justice is so rigid that she puts herself in harm’s way, which is not at all honorable in the eyes of the Greeks. Her ‘holier than thou’ quest has gone too far, and she is stubborn and irrational, lacking the common sense the Greeks so valued. One example of Antigone’s extremely twisted vision of unbending idealism is when she told Ismene she wouldn’t care if she yelled incriminations about the burial from the rooftops, an unnecessary passion and clear disregard of moderation. The exact opposite of her sister, Ismene is, according to Greek conventional wisdom of the time, functioning ideally in her moderation, aware that it is vital not to overstep her boundaries in the overall scheme of things.

Case Study in Waste Management of Philippines Essay

Bart Meehan Facilities and Services Division, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia Keywords Australasia, Environmental management strategy, Universities Abstract Discusses the extent to which environmental management is considered a mainstream business activity within Australian and New Zealand universities. Describes how a survey instrument was used to collect data on environmental programs, their resourcing and control processes, and the level of community involvement in their development and ongoing management. These indicators of mainstreaming are discussed and particular reference is made to the Australian National University (ANU) and its experience with mainstreaming environmental management. The survey data indicate that in the majority of the surveyed institutions, environmental management cannot be considered a mainstream business activity. To aid universities in assessing their progress towards mainstreaming, a conceptual framework is presented and a model of organi sational change is discussed. Introduction In response to the calls for ecologically sustainable development (WCED, 1987) and for leadership in environmental protection (Leal Filho et al., 1996), many universities throughout the world are recognising the need to adopt environmental management systems and to integrate these systems into their business operations. However, in the USA  and Europe, at least, few universities are vigorously pursuing green initiatives (Dahle and Neumayer, 2001). One reason for this may be that environmental management remains a peripheral management issue. This article suggests that if environmental programs are to succeed, they must be mainstreamed into university operations, rather than sidelined as a soft management issue. Read more:  Waste Management in the Philippines This article provides an analysis of environmental management in ten universities surveyed throughout Australia and New Zealand. While much information about environmental management in both US (e.g. HammondCreighton, 1998; Herremans and Allright, 2000), and European (e.g. Delakowitz and Hoffman, 2000; Noeke, 2000; Dahle and Neumayer, 2001) tertiary institutions has been forthcoming, aside from Howard et al.’s (2000) case study of the Charles Sturt University, little information about environmental management at Australian and New Zealand universities is available. Hopefully this contribution will stimulate discussion and interest and encourage further empirical studies on environmental management in Australasian universities. The aim of this investigation is to identify the extent to which environmental management systems are underpinned by business management practice and thus mainstreamed into university management processes. Herremans and Allright (2000) have suggested that the level of financial investment, and the level of senior executive involvement indicate how mainstreamed environmental management programs are within tertiary institutions. While agreeing, we feel that there are other indicators of mainstreaming that demonstrate organisational commitment. These include community involvement, the development of environmental plans and the presence of control processes. This article examines features of each of the environmental programs surveyed, with particular emphasis on the following:  The presence of an environmental management p lan and the level of financial and human resources available. . The control processes that exist (e.g. environmental management systems, audits, reports to management). . The level of campus community involvement in the program. After discussing the surveys, a brief case study of the Australian National University (ANU) will be presented. This is included because of the authors’ familiarity with the issues and not because it necessarily offers an example of best practice. Indeed, if the analysis shows anything, it is that while much has been done to improve environmental performance at the surveyed universities, there is still much more to do. Methodology and survey results The authors developed a simple survey instrument to gather information about the environmental management systems of Australasian universities. An invitation to complete the survey was issued to all universities in Australia and New Zealand via the Australian Universities Environmental Managers Network (AUEMN) and the mailing list of the Australasian Higher Education Facilities Managers Association (AAPPA). Of the 46 possible universities (38 Australian; eight New Zealand), ten complete surveys were received  ± a response rate of 21.7 per cent. The response rate for New Zealand universities (37.5 per cent) was much higher than that of Australian universities (18.4 per cent). The participating universities were: . The University of Western Australia. . The University of Newcastle. . The University of New South Wales. . University of Wollongong. . Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology. The results of the surveys are shown in Tables I, II and III[1]. Table I shows base information about the environmental policy of the participating universities, including whether or not an environmental plan exists and the  level of financial support. Table II contains information about community involvement. Table III contains details of control processes such as reporting and auditing. Not surprisingly, as indicated by Table I, the survey showed that all participating universities had an environmental policy approved at the executive level. All policies where established between 1994 and 1998. Either working groups or formal committees developed the majority of policies; only two policies were established by employees without feedback from a working group or committee. All the policies established by the participating universities make energy conservation, waste management and â€Å"sustainability’’ key aims of the environmental program. Seven policies also make broad references to the teaching and research activities of the universities and the importance of consistency between the principles espoused in teaching and the actions of the corporate university. Only one policy makes a specific reference to â€Å"greening the curriculum’’. Seven respondents indicated that an environmental management plan was developed following the approval of a policy and that these plans are used to operationalise the principles detailed in the policy documents. Of the universities who did not have a formal plan, one stated that a plan was currently being developed, another that they â€Å"work from the policy’’, and yet another that the â€Å"university has an appropriate vision and objective which is driven by a well represented working party’’. One university without a plan also indicated that it was â€Å"becoming increasingly recognised that one would be useful . . . [to bring] various programs together and give them momentum’’. The survey asked respondents to comment on what, if any, management structure and budget had been established to facilitate the implementation of the environmental management program. Six universities stated that they had a formally established environmental management committee overseeing the implementation of the policy; four respondents indicated that there was no committee structure, with one of these respondents noting that the pre-existing management committee had â€Å"ceased meeting in 1998 and has not reconvened’’. The surveys indicated that the facilities management department played a strong role in the implementation of environmental management objectives, in all but one of the participating universities.

Did Slavery Cause Racism - 3614 Words

Did slavery cause racism? Viewpoint: Yes. With the slave trade racism became rigidly defined in custom and law. Viewpoint: No. Slavery followed from racism and reinforced existing perceptions of blacks racial inferiority. Racism both preexisted and survived slavery. The color of Africans skin intrigued, frightened, and repelled Europeans. Exaggerating the physical and mental differences that allegedly separated blacks from whites, European writers conjectured that blacks had descended from apes or had emerged as the result of a biblical curse on the descendants of Canaan and Ham. With the expansion of the Atlantic slave trade toward the end of the seventeenth century, theories of black inferiority abounded. It was, after all, in†¦show more content†¦Indentures, convicts, political and religious nonconformists, kidnapped children, and bushwhacked adults swelled the ranks of servants flooding the British Caribbean and North American colonies. Williams estimated that between 1654 and 1685, 10,000 servants sailed from Bristol alone and that more than 250,000 persons, constituting 50 percent of all English immigrants, came as servants to the New World. More recently, historian Edmund S. Morgan has confirmed Williamss essential conclusion, while extending his analysis far beyond Williamss original formulation. The excessively high mortality rates that prevailed in Virginia until the 1630s made labor a scarce and valuable commodity. For those who could afford to do so the opportunity to enlarge their labor supply proved an irresistible temptation. As Morgan showed, in the Chesapeake region wealth and status early became synonymous with the extensive use of bound, but not necessarily slave, labor. White indentured servitude was legal everywhere in colonial society. Most servants were young men between the ages of fifteen and twenty-five. Some were kidnapped or otherwise coerced, but most voluntarily entered into their contracts, hoping to begin life anew and, after a relatively few years of service, to become independent and acquire land. The English Parliament encouraged emigration to the New World. Between 1500 and 1650, asShow MoreRelatedRacism And Slavery : Black Or The Egg, Slavery Or Racism?993 Words   |  4 Pagesthe chicken or the egg, slavery or racism? The question of whether racism is the root of slavery, or if slavery caused racism is an ongoing debate that throughout history historians has been batting to answer, and have yet to come to an agreement. Some people think that people were made slaves because of prejudice toward the color of their skin, therefore, racism caused slavery; others believe that people saw slaves as inferior to them, and therefore slavery caused racism. 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